back to home

See also the following sections of this website:

• Women
• Sexual harassment in the workplace
• Labour issues - General
• Racial/ethnic/caste/origin discrimination in the workplace
• Discrimination against people with disabilities, including in the workplace
• Age discrimination in the workplace
• Sexual orientation discrimination, including in the workplace
• AIDS/HIV discrimination, including in the workplace

International standards: 

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979) {···français···español} 

• Discrimination against Women: The Convention and the Committee [Fact Sheet No. 22] (U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights)

• {···español: Discriminación conta la Mujer: la Convención y el Comité}

Equal Employment Opportunities in the European Union (International Labour Organization)

Equality: Women and Men - Equal Rights [UK] (TUC)

Equality of rights between men and women: General comment (Human Rights Committee, 2000)

• {···español: Igualdad de derechos entre hombres y mujeres: Observación general}

• {···français: Egalité des droits entre hommes et femmes} 

ILO and UN Instruments for Equal Employment Opportunities (International Labour Organization)

International Guidelines on EEO [Equal Employment Opportunities] (International Labour Organization)

United Nations and ILO websites:

e.quality@work: An information base on Equal Employment Opportunities for Women and Men (International Labour Organization):

• ILO and UN Instruments for Equal Employment Opportunities

• Equal Employment Opportunities in the European Union

• International Guidelines on EEO [Equal Employment Opportunities]

• National Guidelines for Equal Employment Opportunities

• Legal Framework and Procedures for Equal Employment Opportunities

• Government Programmes for Equal Employment Opportunities

• Promoting Gender Equality - A Resource Kit for Trade Unions

• Company Policies for Equal Employment Opportunities

• Company Policies for EEO [Equal Employment Opportunities] in Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Industry

• Company Policies for EEO [Equal Employment Opportunities] in Mining Industry

• Company Policies for EEO [Equal Employment Opportunities] in Banking, Finance and Insurance Services

• Company Policies for EEO [Equal Employment Opportunities] in Chemicals and Chemical Products Manufacturing

• Company Policies for EEO [Equal Employment Opportunities] in Food, Beverages and Tobacco Manufacturing

• Company Policies for EEO [Equal Employment Opportunities] in Health Services

• Company Policies for EEO [Equal Employment Opportunities] in Information and Communications Technology Manufacturing and Services

• Company Policies for EEO [Equal Employment Opportunities] in Printing and publishing industry

• Company Policies for EEO [Equal Employment Opportunities] in Pulp, paper and paper products manufacturing

• Company Policies for EEO [Equal Employment Opportunities] in Retail and Wholesale Trade

• Company Policies for EEO [Equal Employment Opportunities] in Textiles, Clothing and Leather Manufacturing

Gender and Development (Sustainable Development Department, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations):

• Bangladesh: Gender and development
• Cambodia: Gender and development
• China: Gender and development
• India: Gender and development
• Sri Lanka: Gender and development
• Vietnam: Gender and development

Gender equality (International Labour Organization)

• {···español: Igualdad de Género}

• {···français: Egalité entre hommes et femmes} 

Gender Issues and Women at Work: Publications (International Labour Organization)

United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM)

• Stengthening Women's Economic Capacity

WomenWatch: The UN [United Nations] Internet Gateway on the Advancement and Empowerment of Women

Other websites:

Amnesty International documents: Women

• {···français: Documents sur les femmes}

Association for Women's Rights in Development (AWID) 

• Women's Rights and Economic Change

AWARE - Association of Women for Action and Research (Singapore)

"Discrimination", in Global Business Responsibility Resource Center (Business for Social Responsibility) Note: click "Human Rights" in column on left side of the website page which appears, then click "Discrimination".

Equal Opportunities Commission (United Kingdom)

Equality (International Confederation of Free Trade Unions)

• {···español: Igualdad}

• {···français: Egalité} 

Federal Laws Prohibiting Job Discrimination: Questions And Answers - Federal Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) Laws [USA] (U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission)

Gender and Inequality (Global Policy Forum)

Gender and Social Issues (Global Development Gateway)

Human Rights Watch:

• Background Briefings: Women's Rights Division

• Women's Rights Division

Information for Employers (Australian Human Rights & Equal Opportunities Commission)

• Best Practice Guidelines - To assist employers in the elimination of discrimination and harassment and the promotion of equal employment opportunity

• Sex Discrimination 

International Women's Tribune Centre

Labor Law - Labor Law is a unique Internet database of detailed labor law reports and supply chain compliance resources [a paid service for subscribers] (Business for Social Responsibility)

Pilot project: Southern Africa Business and Gender Initiative [companies participating: ABSA, SAB-Beer Divisions, Vodacom, Toyota, Old Mutual] (Resource Centre for the Social Dimensions of Business Practice)

A Rights-Based Approach to Gender (A Programme Note: Implementing a Rights-Based Approach to Development in the Asia Region, United Nations Development Programme, Regional Bureau for Asia and the Pacific)

Women (Council on Economic Priorities)

Women's Bureau Fair Pay Clearinghouse (U.S. Department of Labor)

Women-Friendly Workplace Campaign (National Organization for Women [USA])

Women's Human Rights Net

• Work and Employment

Women's Human Rights Resources (Bora Laskin Library, University of Toronto)

• Labour and Employment

• Social and Economic Welfare

Women's Rights and Gender Issues (Third World Network)

Working Women's Equal Pay Checklist (U.S. Department of Labor)

Other materials:

2003:

Employment Equity Under the Spotlight [South Africa; refers to racial & gender discrimination] (South African Press Association, 13 May 2003)

ARAB WOMEN: Cairo Conference Examines Discrimination, Violence -..."Even if she [Arab woman] works, she is paid less and harassed in poor working conditions"...said conference organizer Hoda Badran. (UN Wire, 13 May 2003)

ILO launches first global report on discrimination at work - Says workplace discrimination remains a persistent global problem, with new, more subtle forms emerging (International Labour Organization, 12 May 2003)

• full report: Time for Equality at Work (International Labour Organization, Apr. 2003)

Internationally-recognised Core Labour Standards in New Zealand -...Most trade union rights are now respected, although there remain problems, such as protection against discrimination for striking workers, and promotion of collective bargaining...discrimination against women remains a problem, especially as concerns equal remuneration for work of equal value. (International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, 6 May 2003)

Sex discrimination cited at Wal-Mart [USA] - Women accuse Wal-Mart - Lawyers seek OK for class-action suit - Lawyers suing Wal-Mart for sex discrimination in pay and promotions made their case Monday for a nationwide class action on behalf of 1.5 million women (Bob Egelko, San Francisco Chronicle, 29 Apr. 2003)

• Suit: Women demeaned at Wal-Mart [USA] - Plantiffs say accusations of sexual harassment could be largest discrimination case ever - Women employees of Wal-Mart were taken to strip clubs on business trips, demeaned as "little Janie Qs" by senior managers, paid less than men for the same jobs, and denied promotions, plaintiffs in a lawsuit against the world's largest retailer claimed. (Reuters, 29 Apr. 2003)

Court OKs sex discrimination case against Boeing's plant Wichita [USA] -...Twelve women filed lawsuits on April 15, charging that women at Boeing's Wichita plant were denied equal pay, promotions and other employment opportunities based solely on their gender. Their lawsuits also claimed sexual harassment. (Associated Press, 28 Apr. 2003)

New fact sheets outline protections against discrimination by multinational employers - The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) tomorrow will post two new fact sheets - "Employee Rights when Working for Multinational Employers" and "The Equal Employment Opportunity Responsibilities of Multinational Employers" - on the agency's web site. (U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 24 Apr. 2003)

• fact sheet: Employee Rights When Working for Multinational Employers (U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission)

• fact sheet: The Equal Employment Opportunity Responsibilities of Multinational Employers (U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission) 

Ford and Fannie Mae Top List of 50 Best Companies for Diversity [USA] -...The ranking took into consideration many different aspects of diversity, including race, gender, sexual orientation, and disability, among others...The top ten companies on the list included Ford, Fannie Mae, American Express, Verizon, IBM, SAFECO, Deloitte & Touche, Eastman Kodak, Bank of America, Xerox (William Baue, SocialFunds.com, 24 Apr. 2003)

Equal pay warning to government [UK] - Women are paid up to 40% less than men Union leaders have warned that government departments are failing to address the issue of equal pay between men and women. (BBC News, 24 Apr. 2003)

Human rights ordinance nearly ready [Covington, USA] - Covington's proposed human rights ordinance is nearly in its final form and the lawyer the city hired to draft it predicts the local business community -- which had concerns about it -- will support it...The city since January has been considering expanding its human rights ordinance to ban discrimination based on age, sexual orientation, gender, marital status and parental status. The ordinance would apply to the areas of housing, employment and public accommodations. (Mike Rutledge, Kentucky Post, 16 Apr. 2003)

Women's Group to Target Augusta Members [USA] - The leader of efforts to force the Augusta National Golf Club to admit women said Tuesday she will take her protest next to companies whose top executives belong to the club. Martha Burk, head of the National Council of Women's Organizations, said her group plans to request meetings with the top officers of several corporations - among them IBM, General Electric, AT&T, Ford and Microsoft - who hold memberships at the golf club, home to the prestigious Masters tournament. She said her group also is considering appealing to pension fund administrators and other investors to sell stock in companies whose executives belong to the golf club. (Jonathan D. Salant, Associated Press, 15 Apr. 2003)

Sex bias ruling set to shake up bonuses [UK] - City employers were yesterday warned not to use "opaque" bonus schemes to circumvent equal pay rules as Louise Barton, the former top-ranking media analyst, won her appeal in a discrimination claim against Investec Henderson Crosthwaite. (Nikki Tait, Financial Times, 4 Apr. 2003)

• Sex discrimination case could spell the end for City's secretive pay structure [UK] - A chill must have swept through many a City boardroom yesterday after Louise Barton won her appeal in a high-profile sex discrimination case. The case has shone a spotlight on the secretive pay structures of investment banks, which are known for paying large discretionary bonuses. (Lina Saigol, Financial Times, 4 Apr. 2003)

Appeal victory for Barton [UK] - Former media analyst Louise Barton won her sex discrimination and equal pay appeal today in a judgment she said sounded the "death knell" of the secret bonus culture in the City. Ms Barton took action against investment bank Investec Henderson Crosthwaite after discovering her colleague, former Independent journalist Mathew Horsman, had been paid twice as much as her. (Chris Tryhorn, Guardian [UK], 3 Apr. 2003)

Burundi government criticized by world labour body - New ICFTU Report on labour standards - In a new report on Burundi, produced to coincide with the 2 April WTO review of that country’s trade policy, the ICFTU reports on the continued violations of core international labour conventions and calls on the authorities to cease interference in the affairs of trade unions...The 7-page report also observes pervasive discrimination against women, including as concerns access to employment...The situation of child labour is alarming...Forced labour is prohibited by law but occurs in practice. (International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, 2 Apr. 2003)

• full report: Internationally-recognised Core Labour Standards in Burundi - Report for the WTO General Council review of trade policies of Burundi (International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, 2 Apr. 2003)

• {···español} Organismo sindical mundial critica al gobierno de Burundi - Nuevo informe de la ciosl sobre normas laborales (Confederación Internacional de Organizaciones Sindicales Libres, 2 abril 2003)

• {···français} La CISL critique le gouvernement du Burundi - Nouveau rapport de la CISL sur les normes du travail (Confédération internationale des syndicats libres, 2 avril 2003)

• {···français} texte complet du rapport: Normes fondamentales du travail, reconnues a l'échelon international - Rapport préparé pour l'examen par le Conseil Général de l'OMC des politiques commerciales au Burundi (Confédération internationale des syndicats libres, 2 avril 2003)

Former Post editor files $8 million discrimination suit [USA] - A former high-ranking editor at the New York Post filed an $8 million discrimination lawsuit against the paper [owned by News Corp.] Tuesday, claiming she was forced out of her job because management wanted an all-male leadership team. (Erin McClam, Associated Press, 1 Apr. 2003)

'Secrecy' prevents equal pay [UK] - Salary discussions remain a "taboo subject" that is maintaining the pay gap between men and women, according to the Equal Opportunities Commission (EOC). The EOC said secrecy over pay rates in the UK meant firms could shirk their responsibility to check if they were paying women fairly. Its research suggested the average pay gap between men and women was 19%, but as high as 40% in some companies. (BBC News, 24 Mar. 2003)

Discrimination plaguing UK workplaces - Nearly half of the British workforce has experienced discrimination at work, according to an alarming new survey...Age discrimination appears to be most rife in the UK workplace, with one in three staff complaining they have been discriminated against in this way. Just over one in ten felt they had suffered sexual discrimination, while just two per cent believed that had been unfairly treated because of their race. (Startups.co.uk, 22 Mar. 2003)

• Job seekers report age bias [UK] - Four people out of 10 believe they have suffered discrimination at work and many think their age is excluding them from the labour market, a survey will reveal today. (Alexander Jolliffe, Financial Times, 21 Mar. 2003)

White Men Still Outearn Other Groups [USA] -...A highly educated white man still makes much more money than anyone else. On average, a white man with a college diploma earned about $65,000 in 2001. Similarly educated white women made about 40 percent less, while black and Hispanic men earned 30 percent less, according to Census Bureau estimates being released Friday. Almost half of Asian residents 25 and older have graduated from college, nearly twice the rate of whites. Still, Asians earned about 8 percent less than whites. (Genaro C. Armas, Associated Press, 21 Mar. 2003)

Working conditions: Results of the monitoring of Chinese garments suppliers - The pilot project on independent monitoring set up by the Clean Clothes Campaign (CCC) and by Migros, Switcher and Veillon makes today public the reports on its follow-up visits to Chinese suppliers of these three Swiss companies (Press release of the Clean Clothes Campaign in Switzerland and the companies Migros, Switcher and Veillon, 19 Mar. 2003)

• Findings to the Chinese supplier of Switcher (Clean Clothes Campaign) 
  • Summary report on supplier of Switcher 
  •  Comment from Clean Clothes Campaign 
• Findings to the Chinese supplier of Migros and Veillon (Clean Clothes Campaign) 
  • Summary report on supplier of Migros and Veillon
  • Comment from Migros
  • Comment from Veillon
  • Comment from Clean Clothes Campaign

DR Congo bans child labor, eases women's access to jobs - Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has revised its laws, banning child labor and lifting a requirement on women to obtain their husband's permission before getting a job, the labor and social minister said Tuesday. (Nando Media/Agence France-Presse, 18 Mar. 2003)

{···français} Les femmes s'organisent en réseau dans les entreprises françaises [France] - La mixité dans la hiérarchie contribuerait à améliorer les performances des entreprises..."La discrimination positive? Elle existe à 200% en faveur des hommes", rétorque Annick Mathieu. (Annie Kahn, Le Monde, 17 Mar. 2003)

TECHNOLOGY: UNIFEM, Task Force Work To Increase Access For Women - The U.N. Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) and the U.N. Information and Technologies Task Force signed an agreement last week aimed at strengthening collaborative efforts to increase women's access to information and communication technologies. The agreement calls for the joint mobilization of resources to encourage countries, international organizations and the private sector to provide equal opportunities for women in employment, training and advancement in the technology sector. (UN Wire, 17 Mar. 2003)

• UNIFEM and UN ICT Task Force Strengthen Joint Efforts to Increase Women’s Access to Information Technology - Launch of Digital Diaspora Initiative in Africa scheduled for May - An upcoming joint initiative will be the launch of the UNIFEM Digital Diaspora Initiative in Uganda...It seeks to undertake projects that empower women economically through capacity building in the use of ICTs, identifying business opportunities, creating business partnerships, and providing access to finance as well as building the knowledge-base on ICTs for poverty alleviation. (UNIFEM, 14 Mar. 2003)

Flight attendants lose travel vouchers won in discrimination suit [USA] - Flight attendants who fought Trans World Airlines for almost 20 years over its policy of grounding pregnant employees won't get the free travel they were promised to settle the discrimination case in 1995. A federal appeals court ruled Thursday that American Airlines, which bought bankrupt TWA in 2001, does not have to honor the flight vouchers (David B. Caruso, Associated Press, 14 Mar. 2003)

Use kid gloves in handling claims of discrimination or harassment [USA] - There are simple ways employers can more effectively cooperate with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission while creating a better environment for the resolution of employment issues. These guidelines will minimize both the risk of claims and potential liability should a claim be asserted. (Stephen W. Schueler, Winstead Sechrest & Minick PC, in Houston Business Journal, 14 Mar. 2003)

Women still find slow rise to power positions [Canada] - Hold only 14% of corporate officer jobs in Canada (Janet McFarland, Globe & Mail, 13 Mar. 2003)

Home health care exec hit with $1 million verdict in sex discrimination case [USA] - A federal jury in Minneapolis has awarded a former Mallinckrodt Inc. executive $1 million in lost wages and punitive damages in a sex discrimination lawsuit in which she alleged the company paid her less than her male counterparts but gave her heavier workloads...Mallinckrodt, a subsidiary of Tyco International, manufactures and markets home health care products. (Sherri Cruz, Star Tribune [Minneapolis-St. Paul], 12 Mar. 2003)

Internationally-recognised core labour standards in Canada - Canada has ratified only five of the eight core labour standards...Canada has ratified both the ILO’s core conventions on discrimination. While the law is generally in compliance with those conventions, in practice women continue to receive much lower remuneration than men. Disabled people and aboriginal peoples are greatly under-represented in the work force. (International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, 11 Mar. 2003)

• {···français} Les normes fondamentales du travail internationalement reconnues au Canada - Le Canada a seulement ratifié cinq des huit normes fondamentales du travail...Le Canada a ratifié les deux conventions fondamentales de l'OIT sur la discrimination. Si, d'une manière générale, sa législation se conforme à leur texte, dans la pratique, la rémunération des femmes reste très inférieure à celle des hommes. Les personnes handicapées et les peuples autochtones sont nettement sous-représentés dans la population active. (Confédération internationale des syndicats libres, 11 mars 2003)

LAHORE: Women workers stage rally [Pakistan] - Women workers staged a rally on Nisbet Road on Sunday to press for an end to gender discrimination in employment and at the workplace. (Dawn [Pakistan], 10 Mar. 2003)

Employers 'wide open' to discrimination claims [UK] - UK employers are leaving themselves wide open to discrimination claims according to the Work Foundation. The survey of business recruitment practices found that firms were failing to monitor racial and sexual diversity amongst jobseekers...It is illegal for employers to discriminate against applicants on the basis of sex, disability or race.  It will soon become illegal to discriminate on grounds of age, sexual orientation and religion. (BBC News, 10 Mar. 2003)

It's not women's day in the boardroom - yet [Singapore] -...At just over 6 per cent of all company directors in Singapore - little changed from a year ago - women remain a token presence in the boardroom. (Anna Teo, Business Times [Singapore], 8 Mar. 2003)

Int'l Women's Day today [Bangladesh] - Members of the National Garment Workers Federation stand in a human chain blindfolded at Muktangan in Dhaka yesterday to protest repression on women at work. (Daily Star [Bangladesh], 8 Mar. 2003)

WOMEN'S DAY: Annan Calls Gender Equality Vital To Development; More Marking International Women's Day, March 8, U.N. Secretary General Kofi Annan and ranking officials from a host of U.N. agencies linked gender equality to meeting the Millennium Development Goals, saying social gains for women translated into improved societies. (UN Wire, 7 Mar. 2003)

Women's struggle is never won? [Thailand] - Why is it that we rarely hear anything from our national labour unions on how to redress gender inequality in the workplace? Is it because these unions are male-dominated, even though women make up half of the workforce and a full 70% of workers in the export industry?...Although work-related injury and illness are constantly on the rise, there is no independent agency to take up the workers' cause. The victims are primarily women who work in the manufacturing and export industries. (commentary by Sanitsuda Ekachai, Assistant Editor, Bangkok Post, 6 Mar. 2003)

Latin America And Caribbean Countries Make Progress In Gender Equality But Continue To Limit Participation Of Women In The Labor Market (World Bank, 5 Mar. 2003)

• full report: Challenges and opportunities for gender equality in Latin American and the Caribbean (Maria Elena Ruiz Abril, World Bank, 2003)

• {···español} América Latina y el Caribe avanza en equidad pero sigue limitando participación de la mujer en mercado laboral (Banco Mundial, 5 marzo 2003)

• {···español} Desafíos y oportunidades para la equidad de género en América Latina y el Caribe (María Elena Ruiz Abril, Banco Mundial, 2003)

• {···português} América Latina e Caribe avançam na área da equidade mas participação da mulher no mercado de trabalho continua limitada (Banco Mundial, 5 marzo 2003)

Women demand end to discrimination at work [Thailand] (Penchan Charoensuthiphan, Bangkok Post, 5 Mar. 2003)

EOC says Britain needs modern equality law - Britain needs modern and consistent equality law that reflects how society has changed over the last 30 years, Julie Mellor, Chair of the Equal Opportunities Commission (EOC) said today..."Today women play a far more important role in the workplace and in public life and men take on more family and caring responsibilities. Gay and lesbian people are increasingly visible in all walks of life, and as life expectancy increases older people can expect to lead active lives for longer.  However, inequality and prejudice haven't gone away. Single parents, pensioners and the Pakistani and Bangladeshi communities are still among the poorest groups, and women in these groups are even poorer than men." (Equal Opportunities Commission [UK], 28 Feb. 2003)

{···français} Les offres d'emplois ont-elles un sexe? [France] - Une étude révèle que les formules discriminatoires n'ont pas disparu des annonces. (Francine Aizicovici, Le Monde, 25 février 2003)

New Canaan writer exposes the worst of Wall Street [USA] - Susan Antilla may not describe herself as tough, but she doesn't object to the characterization. After all, it takes a lot of fortitude to investigate gender discrimination and sexual harassment on Wall Street, then write a book that names names and clearly details the offenses. (Eileen Byrnes, Hartford Courant, 23 Feb. 2003)

• Book Chronicles Gender Discrimination on Wall Street - A new book details several women's efforts to fight sexual harassment and gender discrimination on Wall Street. Tales from the Boom-Boom Room: Wall Street vs. Women tells the story of a whistleblower who tried to hold Wall Street accountable for its treatment of women. (NPR, 20 Feb. 2003)

• Sex and the Street - book review of Tales from the Boom-Boom Room: Wall Street vs. Women by Susan Antilla (Heather Timmons, Business Week, 25 Nov. 2002)

Ministry focuses on workers’ rights [Fiji] - “Every working person has the right and should be able to enjoy a working environment free from all forms of harassment and discrimination whether on the basis of ethnicity, nationality or social origin, religion, political affiliation, gender or any other form of personal identity,” he [Labour Minister Kenneth Zinck] said. Mr Zinck pointed out it was the responsibility of all employers to ensure there was an internal policy on sexual harassment in the workplace. (Daily Post [Fiji], 23 Feb. 2003)

Wal-Mart Faces Lawsuit Over Sex Discrimination - An ambitious discrimination lawsuit against Wal-Mart, the nation's biggest employer, accuses it of favoring men over women in promotions and pay. The plaintiffs' lawyers want the lawsuit to include all 700,000 women who worked at Wal-Mart from 1996 to 2001, which would make it by far the largest employment discrimination class action in American history. (Steven Greenhouse, New York Times, 16 Feb. 2003)

Wal-Mart takes hits on worker treatment [USA] -...At the pinnacle of its success, the company is fending off critics who say Wal-Mart discriminates against women, underpays workers and uses illegal tactics to kill unionization efforts....Roughly 40 lawsuits have been filed by employees who say they were forced to work overtime for no pay. The company is facing a sexual discrimination lawsuit in California that could become the largest such case in history. (Stephanie Armour, USA Today, 11 Feb. 2003)

El Salvador: Violations of Labour Standards Rife, says new ICFTU Report - ...the ICFTU has condemned El Salvador's failure to protect basic trade union rights in the country's Export Processing Zones...One of the many major allegations of the report was the unsafe working conditions workers face ...Gender discrimination is also widespread...The report also mentions the fact that indigenous people in El Salvador face discrimination in employment...Child labour is also widespread in much of the rural and unregulated urban economies (International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, 5 Feb. 2003)

• Internationally recognised core labour standards in El Salvador (International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, 4 Feb. 2003)

• {···español} El Salvador: Proliferan las violaciones de las normas laborales, dice un reciente informe de la CIOSL (Confederación Internacional de Organizaciones Sindicales Libres, 5 febrero 2003)

• {···français} El Salvador: les violations des normes du travail sont courantes, affirme un rapport de la CISL (Confédération internationale des syndicats libres, 6 février 2003)

EOC calls on UK plc to address the shocking shortage of women on the board [UK] - The shocking shortage of women non-executive directors shows that companies are still failing to capitalise on the talents of many women, Julie Mellor, Chair of the Equal Opportunities Commission (EOC) said today. (Equal Opportunities Commission [UK], 20 Jan. 2003)

Women losing gender pay battle [UK] - The gap between men and women's pay widened in 2002, despite a number of initiatives aimed at greater equality. (BBC News, 20 Jan. 2003)

ICFTU says the Maldives is paradise for tourists, not workers -...the ICFTU has condemned "a glaring lack of protection for workers' rights" as well as the situation of child labour in the country (International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, 15 Jan. 2003)

• Internationally recognised core labour standards in the Maldives - The Maldives is not a member of the ILO, and thus has not ratified any of the ILO’s core labour conventions...There are no trade unions in the Maldives...Discrimination against women persists in both law and practice...Child labour is widely reported, particularly in agriculture, fishing and small-scale commercial activities (International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, 15 Jan. 2003)

Kuwait embraces women traders - The Kuwaiti stock exchange has created a special trading room for women, allowing them to participate directly in the market for the first time...the exchange is considering introducing female stockbrokers as a second step (BBC News, 14 Jan. 2003)

Dads do a third of childcare but don't get flexibility at work [UK] (Equal Opportunities Commission [UK], 13 Jan. 2003)

Men urged to strike over equal pay [UK] - Men are being urged to take strike action if employers do not pay their female counterparts an equal wage. (BBC News, 6 Jan. 2003)

2002:

Wal-Mart to pay $220,000 for rejecting pregnant applicant, in EEOC settlement [USA] (U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 23 Dec. 2002)

Wal-Mart values: selling women short [USA] - Adams is now a witness in Dukes v. Wal-Mart, in which seven California women--current and former Wal-Mart employees--are charging the company with systematic sex discrimination in promotions, assignments, training and pay. (Liza Featherstone, The Nation, 16 Dec. 2002)

Indigenous women: UNIFEM Head Decries Feminization Of Poverty - Mexico's 6.7 million indigenous women, most of whom are employed in the informal sector, have seen their condition worsen with globalization...Heyzer called on countries to address the feminization of poverty by applying a gender perspective to budgets, taxes, employment and land use. (UN Wire, 3 Dec. 2002)

South Africa to introduce minimum wages for farm workers - The government announced Monday that it would set minimum wages for farm laborers as from next year, saying the measure was necessary to protect one of the country's most exploited groups of workers...A recent study into working conditions on farms found that laborers had the lowest literacy rates in the country and that women were usually paid less and enjoyed fewer benefits than men. (Associated Press, 2 Dec. 2002)

Report: Gender & Codes - If You Want to Help Us Then Start Listening to Us! From Factories and Plantations in Central America, Women Speak out about Corporate Responsibility -...for this study we focus on women workers in Nicaragua, in two sectors - clothing factories and banana plantations...Across Central America women workers have organised, calling on companies to address their concerns, including health and safety, discrimination, sexual harassment, low salaries, long working hours, freedom of association and right to collective bargaining, especially given weak enforcement of national and international labour legislation. (Marina Prieto and Jem Bendell, New Academy of Business, Dec. 2002)

Women activists seek rights' protection [Indonesia] [includes reference to sexual harassment and violence in the workplace, exploitation of female laborers] (Debbie A. Lubis, Jakarta Post, 26 Nov. 2002)

New report reveals women bear the brunt of mining operations in Indigenous Australia and abroad -...Contributors from Indigenous Australia, Papua New Guinea, India, Indonesia and The Philippines give various examples in which mining projects have overlooked or disregarded women's rights, resulting in further gender inequality, marginalisation, impoverishment and abuse of women. (Oxfam Community Aid Abroad, 25 Nov. 2002)

• full report: Tunnel Vision: Women, Mining and Communities [includes reference to Benguet Corp., Alcan, Norsk Hydro, Indal, Rio Tinto, Kennecott, Placer Dome, Misima Mining Ltd., PT Freeport Indonesia, PT KEM, Aurora Gold, Newmont, PT IMK] (Oxfam Community Aid Abroad, Nov. 2002)

• Women suffer worst impacts of mining - cases from Indonesia - The severely damaging impacts of mining on women have been highlighted in a new report. [Indonesian cases refer to Rio Tinto, Freeport, PT Indo Muro Kencana, Aurora Gold, Newmont, Inco] (Down to Earth Newsletter, Feb. 2003)

ICFTU criticises discrimination and trade union rights violations in Japan -...while the proportion of women in the labour force has remained at approximately 40 per cent in recent years, women continue to be under-represented in senior and management posts, only 9 per cent of which are held by women. Recent surveys also suggest that nearly 70 per cent of working women have experienced sexual harassment (International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, 5 Nov. 2002)

• {···español} La CIOSL critica la discriminación [contra la mujer] y las violaciones de derechos sindicales que se cometen en Japón (Confederación Internacional de Organizaciones Sindicales Libres, 5 noviembre 2002)

• {···français} La CISL critique la discrimination [contre les femmes] et les infractions aux droits syndicaux au Japon (Confédération internationale des syndicats libres, 5 novembre 2002)

Nike, Adidas, Reebok and New Balance Made in China [working conditions and labour rights abuses] (Li Qiang, China Labor Watch, 25 Oct. 2002)

ICFTU Report Denounces Massive Child Labour and Deteriorating Workers’ Rights in Zambia -...children are still toiling in even the worst forms of child labour such as small scale mining operations, agriculture and stone crushing...a deteriorating situation as regards violation of basic workers’ rights in the private sector, including by multinationals...Women are severely disadvantaged....Zambians...infected [with HIV-AIDS] face discrimination in employment as a result of their condition. (International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, 25 Oct. 2002)

• {···español} La CIOSL denuncia en un informe la masiva utilización de trabajo infantil y la deterioración de los derechos laborales en Zambia (Confederación Internacional de Organizaciones Sindicales Libres, 25 octubre 2002)

• {···français} Zambie: la CISL dénonce le recours en masse au travail des enfants et les violations croissantes des droits des travailleurs (Confédération internationale des syndicats libres, 25 octobre 2002) 

Bread and roses mean pay equity [Canada] - The Coalition for Pay Equity delivered bread and roses to New Brunswick's MLA's and government ministers today. The coalition was reminding them it is still waiting for the passage of laws guaranteeing the same pay for women as men. (CBC, 21 Oct. 2002)

ILO & Russian Business Focus on Labour Rights - Ten leading representatives of the Russian business community together with the representatives of UN agencies, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Labour and Social Development attended a meeting on 24 September organized by the ILO on the important issue of Discrimination. (U.N. Global Compact, 17 Oct. 2002)

Women’s Health a Special Concern at Regional Migrant Workers Conference in Bangladesh -...attendees were especially concerned about the particular risks faced by female migrant workers, including sexual abuse by employers, diseases such as AIDS and forced or illegal abortions. Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan and Thailand were criticized for subjecting migrant workers to mandatory AIDS tests and immediately deporting workers found to be positive. Singapore and Malaysia also automatically deport migrant workers found to be pregnant. Other issues addressed at the conference included low pay, dangerous working conditions and inadequate access to health care. (BSR [Business for Social Responsibility] News Monitor summary of 11 Oct. 2002 article from Inter Press Service, 16 Oct. 2002)

ILO, ADB join forces to improve labour standards, promote development - The International Labour Office (ILO) and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) have joined forces to improve labour standards as a means of promoting development and reducing poverty in the Asia-Pacific region...The meeting recommended that Governments, the ADB and the ILO highlight labour standards in policy dialogue with governments; promote improved labour standards by designing projects, e.g., to address child labour, improve occupational safety, reduce discrimination at the workplace or eliminate bonded labour; strengthen monitoring of working conditions in the region... (International Labour Organization, 11 Oct. 2002)

• {···español} La OIT y el BAD aúnan fuerzas para mejorar las normas del trabajo y promover el desarrollo (Organización Internacional del Trabajo, 11 octubre 2002)

• {···français} Le BIT et la BAsD s'unissent pour améliorer les normes du travail et promouvoir le développement (Organisation internationale du Travail, 11 octobre 2002)

Call to end 'discriminatory' pensions [UK] - Hundreds of thousands of people are missing out on adequate pensions due to legal anomalies, a leading union has warned...Under existing rules, women, younger people and people in same-sex relationships miss out, the Transport & General Workers' Union (T&G) said. (BBC News, 11 Oct. 2002)

Automakers struggle to stem harassment: Part 1 - Race, sex complaints persist despite training [USA] [refers to General Motors, DaimlerChrysler, Ford, Mitsubishi] (Susan Carney, Detroit News, 6 Oct. 2002)

• Automakers struggle to stem harassment: Part 2 - Worker training (Susan Carney, Detroit News, 6 Oct. 2002)

Rent-A-Center to Pay $47M to Women [USA] - A judge approved a $47 million settlement Friday for thousands of women who claim they were unfairly denied or driven out of jobs with the nation's largest operator of rent-to-own stores. (Associated Press, 5 Oct. 2002)

• Sex discrimination settlement approved [USA] -...Dozens of Indiana women will share in the $47 million settlement of multiple sexual discrimination lawsuits against Texas-based Rent-A-Center. A federal judge in St. Louis approved the settlement Friday, resolving pervasive claims that the national lease-to-own furniture and appliance dealer treated women like second-class citizens. (Gregory Weaver, Indianapolis Star, 5 Oct. 2002)

Iowa Harassment Suit Settled for $1.5M [USA] - The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission has announced a $1,525,000 settlement of an employment discrimination lawsuit against DeCoster Farms. The EEOC had pursued the suit on behalf of women who alleged they were subjected to sexual harassment - including rape - along with other forms of abuse and retaliation by certain supervisors at DeCoster's plants in Wright County, Iowa (HR Daily News, 4 Oct. 2002)

City analyst loses sex discrimination case [UK] -...Ms Barton, 52, claimed she was underpaid by £1m compared with a male colleague, and took her employer – Investec Henderson Crosthwaite Securities – to an employment tribunal. But yesterday, after three months of deliberation following a four-day hearing, the tribunal ruled against her claim of sexual discrimination and unequal pay. (Terri Judd, Independent [UK], 1 Oct. 2002)

Court OKs gay man's suit against MGM Grand [USA] - A divided federal appeals court has ruled that an openly gay man is entitled to bring a sexual harassment lawsuit under the U.S. Civil Rights Act, even though all his accused tormentors were fellow male employees. (Cy Ryan, Las Vegas Sun, 25 Sep. 2002)

Protests target retail chains [USA] - The National Organization for Women is calling for a day of protest against Wal-Mart on Saturday, charging the retail chain with such offenses as failing to promote women to managerial and supervisory jobs, failing to pay women wages equal to their male counterparts, violating child labor laws and the Americans with Disabilities Act, and trying to force out pro-union workers. (Christine Gillette, Portsmouth Herald [USA], 25 Sep. 2002)

Discrimination and limited trade union rights on the menu for Australia’s workers - In a new report on Australia, produced to coincide with the 23-25 September WTO review of that countries’ trade policy, the ICFTU has condemned serious violations of workers’ trade union rights, even including incidents of violence against trade union activists. The report also highlights the seemingly intractable problem of discrimination against women and indigenous people in the country. (International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, 23 Sep. 2002)

•  {···español} Discriminación y limitación de los derechos sindicales para los trabajadores de Australia (Confederación Internacional de Organizaciones Sindicales Libres, 24 septiembre 2002)

• {···français} Discrimination et limitation des droits syndicaux pour les travailleurs australiens (Confédération internationale des syndicats libres, 24 septembre 2002)

EUROPE-CENTRAL ASIA: Gender Gap Growing In Transition Countries - Gender disparities are growing in the 27 transition countries of Europe and Central Asia, the World Bank said in a report released yesterday...Citing Tajikistan as an example, the report says that women who work now earn just a little over half what men earn. The picture is similarly distorted in Kazakhstan, a wealthier country, where women earn less than 70 percent of what men earn, even when they are more qualified. (UN Wire, 19 Sep. 2002)

• Disparities Between Men And Women in Transition Countries of Europe and Central Asia Merit Special Attention (World Bank, 18 Sep. 2002)

LABOR: ILO, ADB Meet On Standards, Development - The International Labor Organization and Asian Development Bank yesterday opened a two-day workshop on labor standards and social and economic development...The bank said Asia's "progress ... has been uneven" on compliance with labor standards, citing in particular the prevalence of child labor and reports of bonded labor and discrimination, as well as repression of unions and workers' meetings, exposure to health hazards and frequent avoidable accidents. (UN Wire, 19 Sep. 2002) 

• ADB Hosts Labor Standards Workshop (Asian Development Bank, 19 Sep. 2002)

Internationally-recognised Core Labour Standards in Australia -...There are restrictions on trade union rights, including the right to collective bargaining and protection from anti union discrimination. There is blatant anti-union discrimination, supported and encouraged by the government...discrimination against women is a problem, especially as concerns the representation of women in senior positions...There remain problems with legislation regarding prison labour (International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, 18 Sep. 2002)

City of London is not a 'no-go area' for trade unions [UK] - Unions in London today began an ‘Organise the City’ campaign to raise awareness of employment rights and increase the profile of trade unions in the City of London...Bullying and harassment, discrimination, stress, excessive working hours, wrongly handled redundancies, unequal pay and wrongful deductions from pay are just some of the problems workers endure. (Trades Union Congress, 16 Sep. 2002)

ICFTU report: slavery slow to fade away in Mauritania - In a scathing new report on Mauritania, produced to coincide with the WTO trade policy review taking place from 11-13 September, the ICFTU has condemned the continued use of child labour and even forced labour reminiscent of slavery in the country. (International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, 10 Sep. 2002)

• {···français} Rapport de la CISL: l’esclavage, une pratique difficile à éradiquer en Mauritanie - Dans un rapport très critique sur la Mauritanie, publié pour coïncider avec l'examen de la politique commerciale du pays que l'OMC réalisera du 11 au 13 septembre, la CISL constate avec inquiétude que le travail des enfants et certaines réminiscences du travail forcé (héritage du passé esclavagiste) persistent dans le pays. (Confédération internationale des syndicats libres, 10 septembre 2002)

• report: Internationally-recognized Core Labour Standards for Mauritania (International Confederation of Free Trade Unions) 

• {···français} Normes fondamentales du travail internationalement reconnues en Mauritanie (Confédération internationale des syndicats libres)

Amicus urges mandatory 'equal pay' audits [UK] - The Government is being urged by a trade union to force equal pay audits on employers. Amicus wants the move as part of a drive to close the 18% wage gap between men and women. (Ananova, 10 Sep. 2002)

Bell Canada settles pay equity case for $178 million - Bell Canada has tentatively settled a long-running pay equity dispute with thousands of its mainly female staff for $178 million. (CBC News, 4 Sep. 2002)

Gender pay gap slow to narrow [New Zealand] - Women's income over the past 17 years has gained little ground against men, with the gap narrowing just 5 per cent (Louisa Cleave, New Zealand Herald, 4 Sep. 2002)

Pakistan media project aims to change attitudes about women -...The [UNDP] project has trained 400 media professionals, helping them develop ways to present women in Pakistan in a new light in programmes aired by the Pakistan Television Corporation and ensure that all the corporation's productions are sensitive to the issue of gender and avoid reinforcing biases against women. (U.N. Development Programme, 20 Aug. 2002)

Women nearing retirement confront pay gap [USA] - Those within five years of the normal retirement age have made no progress – relative to men's earnings – since 1975...Discrimination? Perhaps. But the findings suggest other factors are at work. (Laurent Belsie, Christian Science Monitor, 19 Aug. 2002)

Rethinking women's work [USA] (Stephanie Salter, San Francisco Chronicle, 14 Aug. 2002)

Workers get £3.9M payouts [UK] - Victims of unlawful discrimination at work won a record £3.9million in compensation last year. The Equal Opportunities Review said there were 329 payouts - up 10 per cent from the previous year. The biggest settlement for a sex discrimination case went to a woman sacked because she was pregnant. Marks & Spencer clothes suppliers Bentwood Brothers had to pay her £190,663. (Daily Record [UK], 12 Aug. 2002)

Norway Tells Businesses to Get Women on Board: Government says 40-percent quota for women on corporate boards is the only way to change the 'old boys' network' (Ethics Newsline, Institute for Global Ethics, 12 Aug. 2002)

• Norway sets 40% female quota for boardrooms - Companies insist too few qualified women are available to fill posts (Andrew Osborn, Guardian [UK], 1 Aug. 2002)

Former Buca executive files discrimination suit [USA] - A former senior vice president at Buca Inc. has filed a lawsuit against the restaurant chain and its chief executive, alleging she was told she could not keep her job if she got married. (Ann Merrill, Star Tribune [Minneapolis-St. Paul], 10 Aug. 2002)

Workplace-bias curbs extended [Massachusetts, USA] - Law extends time to file complaints - A bill to extend the deadline for filing workplace bias and sexual harassment charges against employers has been signed into law, increasing the statute of limitations for such claims in Massachusetts from six months to 300 days. (Diane E. Lewis, Boston Globe, 9 Aug. 2002)

Women graduates still get a raw deal at work [UK] - Women graduates still earn less than men on average across all sectors and occupations, according to a new Equal Opportunities Commission (EOC) report published today. (Equal Opportunities Commission [UK], 8 Aug. 2002)

Gender income gap narrows [New Jersey, USA] - Women's incomes rose faster than men's during the Nineties in every county of New Jersey. But men's paychecks are still fatter. (Leslie Brody, NorthJersey.com, 6 Aug. 2002)

Discrimination suits take big risks for big rewards [USA] - Bondurant, Mixson & Elmore is among a dozen or so law firms nationwide that have become part of a cottage industry in class-action lawsuits against large employers, alleging racial bias in their hiring, promotion and pay practices. The law firms...also sue on behalf of workers who believe they are being denied equal opportunity because of gender, age, disability and other factors. (Robert Luke, Atlanta Journal-Constitution, 5 Aug. 2002)

EOC launches new website for legal advisers [UK] - Legal advisers will now have on-line access to the essential information on sex discrimination and equal pay that they need to conduct a claim, as the Equal Opportunities Commission (EOC) launches a new website designed specially for them. The first section of the site to go live focuses on sexual harassment. (Equal Opportunities Commission [UK], 2 Aug. 2002)

Victory for mother demoted after pregnancy [Australia] -...In the Federal Court yesterday Justice James Allsop found she had been demoted and "somewhat arrogantly and shabbily" treated because she went on maternity leave. In what her solicitor, Susan Price, described as a precedent, Orica was found to have unlawfully discriminated against Ms Thomson on the grounds of pregnancy (Leonie Lamont, Sydney Morning Herald, 31 July 2002)

Ethical shift needed if women are to be treated equally: lawyer [Australia] - Equal opportunity laws are failing and outdated, and a philosophical shift to a new kind of EO - ethical organisations - is needed, the feminist lawyer Moira Rayner said yesterday...An ethical organisation would respect the rights of children by providing maternity and paternity leave and flexible working arrangements, she said. (Sherrill Nixon, Sydney Morning Herald, 26 July 2002)

'Stop sending women workers to Middle East' [from Indonesia] -..."a serious effort is needed to ensure that Indonesian women working in Saudi Arabia and other Middle Eastern countries are treated humanely," the minister [Indonesia's State Minister of Women's Empowerment Sri Redjeki Sumaryoto] said...Sri Redjeki also suggested that workers going overseas should be protected by legislation that threatens stiffer penalties against any party found guilty of extorting workers or using violence against women (Jakarta Post, 26 July 2002)

HUMAN RIGHTS: WHO Launches Publications On Health, Rights - The first in a new series of publications on the linkages between health and human rights was posted on the Internet by the World Health Organization yesterday. The WHO said 25 Questions and Answers on Health and Human Rights is meant for "governments and others concerned in developing a human rights approach to public health work." (UN Wire, 25 July 2002)

• New WHO publication explores important links between health and human rights, an area drawing increased attention - Human rights violations such as discrimination or violence against women and children and harmful traditional practices can have serious health consequences. (World Health Organization, 24 July 2002)

• {···français} Dans une nouvelle publication, l'OMS examine l'importance des liens entre la santé et les droits de l’homme (Organisation mondiale de la Santé, 24 juillet 2002)

• full report: 25 Questions and Answers on Health & Human Rights (World Health Organization, July 2002)

Study Finds Bias on the Job Is Still Common [USA] - Women and minorities appear to be benefiting from greater employment opportunities in the United States, but discrimination remains a significant problem, according to a study to be released today by two professors at the Rutgers School of Law in Newark...Roughly a third of the employers studied appeared to have discriminated against women or minorities in at least one job category, the authors said. (Reed Abelson, New York Times, 24 July 2002)

• full report: The Reality of Intentional Job Discrimination in Metropolitan America -- 1999 (Professors Alfred W. Blumrosen & Ruth G. Blumrosen, Rutgers University School of Law, 24 July 2002)

New ICFTU report reveals widespread discrimination and occurrences of child labour in Europe - Salary discrimination against women of up to 35% still exists across Europe... The report also finds “unacceptable exploitation of children” occurring in most countries to some degree, “mainly in unregulated activities and in agriculture.” (International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, 24 July 2002)

• {···español} Nuevo informe de la CIOSL revela la amplia difusión de la discriminación y del trabajo infantil en Europa - En Europa sigue habiendo una diferencia salarial de hasta el 35% en perjuicio de la mujer...En el informe se señala asimismo la "inaceptable explotación de menores" que en cierta medida tiene lugar en muchos países", principalmente en el sector informal y en la agricultura. (Confederación Internacional de Organizaciones Sindicales Libres, 25 julio 2002)

• {···français} Un nouveau rapport de la CISL dénonce une discrimination généralisée et des cas de travail des enfants en Europe - Une discrimination salariale à l'encontre des femmes, pouvant atteindre 35 % du salaire, relève toujours de la réalité en Europe...Le rapport relève en outre une "exploitation inacceptable des enfants" dans la plupart des pays et à des degrés divers, "principalement dans les activités parallèles et l'agriculture". (Confédération internationale des syndicats libres, 24 juillet 2002)

Internationally-recognised Core Labour Standards in the 15 Member States of the European Union - Report for the WTO General Council review of the trade policies of the European Unions  (Geneva, 24 and 26 July 2002) - All eight of the core ILO conventions have been ratified by all fifteen European Union (EU) member states. In certain areas however, law and practice in several EU countries require further government efforts in order to respect the commitments to fundamental workers’ rights [refers to pay gap between men and women, child labour, trafficking in women and girls for the purposes of forced prostitution] (International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, 18 July 2002)

• {···español} Normas Fundamentales del Trabajo Reconocidas Internacionalmente en los quince paises miembros de la union europea (Confederación Internacional de Organizaciones Sindicales Libres, 18 Julio 2002)

• {···français} Les Normes du Travail Fondamentales Internationalement Reconnues: Evaluation au sein des 15 etats membres de l'union europeen (Confédération Internationale des Syndicats Libres, 18 juillet 2002)

The concept and practice of affirmative action - Final report submitted by Mr. Marc Bossuyt, Special Rapporteur (document for U.N. Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights, 17 June 2002)

Women earning half of men's average pay [UK] (Scheherazade Daneshkhu, Financial Times, 13 July 2002)

Augusta resists pressure from women's group [USA] - A leading women's coalition has asked Augusta National Golf Club [site of The Masters tournament] to open its membership to women, but chairman Hootie Johnson says the club will not be coerced into changing its membership...Johnson said in his statement that he feared a public relations campaign against the club and tournament sponsors IBM, Citigroup and Coca-Cola. (Jerry Potter, USA Today, 10 July 2002)

Time To Take Pay Equity Seriously [New Zealand] -...“Despite the existence of equal pay legislation for almost three decades, it has not delivered pay equity for women and fails to comply with international human rights standards”, Rosslyn Noonan, the Chief [New Zealand] Human Rights Commissioner said today. (Human Rights Commission [New Zealand], 8 July 2002)

ARAB STATES: U.N. Study Shows Lack Of Freedom Hinders Development - The development of Arab nations is significantly hindered by lack of freedom, repression of women and an inadequate education system, according to a U.N. Development Program-sponsored report slated for release today in Cairo...Arab scholars and experts compiled the report over an 18-month period, with the result representing the first such study conducted by Arab rather than outside experts (UN Wire, 2 July 2002)

• full report: The Arab Human Development Report 2002: Creating opportunities for future generations (U.N. Development Programme, 2002)

• First Arab Human Development Report spotlights gains against poverty (U.N. Development Programme, 2 July 2002)

• Arab world urged to address human rights -...In a stinging indictment of the region's performance, the Arab Human Development Report issued on Monday highlights the failure of governments to turn the region's vast oil wealth into economic benefits (Roula Khalaf, Financial Times, 1 July 2002)

• Arab Report Cites Development Obstacles: Study Blames Poor Education, Political Repression, Treatment of Women (Karen DeYoung, Washington Post, 2 July 2002) 

City women target banks over pay gap [UK] - Banks have been warned by groups representing women in the City to expect a 'deluge' of sex discrimination claims of the kind brought last week by star analyst Louise Barton [who brought a claim against her former employer Investec Henderson Crosthwaite]...Barton's claim comes soon after Julie Bower, another high-flying analyst, won a record £1.4m payout from Schroder Securities after taking the firm to an employment tribunal for sex discrimination and unfair dismissal. (Conal Walsh, Observer [UK], 30 June 2002)

NOW Blasts Wal-Mart Workplace Abuses, Names the Company a Merchant of Shame [USA] - "Today the National Organization for Women is naming Wal-Mart — the nation's largest company with close to one million employees — a Merchant of Shame," said NOW President Kim Gandy. "Wal-Mart faces numerous allegations of sex discrimination in pay, promotion and compensation; of wage abuses, violation of child labor laws and the Americans with Disabilities Act; exclusion of contraceptive coverage in employee insurance plans and discrimination on the basic of sexual orientation. (National Organization for Women [USA], 22 June 2002)

Sexism in the City appeal dropped [UK] - Julie Bower, the former shares analyst who won her sex discrimination case against Schroder Securities, will now receive £1.4 million compensation, after Schroders dropped their appeal against the tribunal's decision. Ms Bower's case was supported by the Equal Opportunities Commission (EOC). (Equal Opportunities Commission [UK], 19 June 2002)

Europe's firms are 'wasting women' - European women's chances of progressing into senior positions in business are slimmer than in the US, according to new research. (BBC News, 19 June 2002)

The Strategic Logic of Diversity -...If we want to recruit and retain the best women we won't succeed if we tolerate what one commentator has described as "a golf club culture" which can implicitly, if not explicitly, exclude women and sometimes minorities as well. If we want to be an employer of the most able people who happen to be gay or lesbian, we won't succeed unless we offer equal benefits for partners in same sex relationships. (Lord Browne, Group Chief Executive of  BP, keynote speech at the Women in Leadership conference [Berlin], 19 June 2002)

• {···español} La lógica estratégica de la diversidad -...Si queremos contratar y retener a las mejores mujeres, no tendremos éxito si toleramos lo que un comentarista ha descrito como “ la cultura del club de golf”, lo que implícitamente, si no explícitamente, excluiría a las mujeres y del mismo modo, a veces, a minorías. Si deseamos emplear a las personas más capaces y éstas son gays o lesbianas, no tendremos éxito a menos que ofrezcamos las mismas ventajas para las parejas de cualquier orientación sexual. (Lord Browne, Group Chief Executive, BP, en la conferencia “Las mujeres al poder”, Berlín, 19 junio 2002)

• {···français} La logique stratégique de la diversité -...Si nous voulons recruter et retenir les meilleures femmes, nous ne réussirons pas si nous tolérons ce qu’un commentateur a décrit comme une « culture de club de golf » qui peut implicitement, voire explicitement, exclure les femmes et parfois les minorités également. Si nous voulons employer les personnes les plus talentueuses, qui seront peut-être homosexuelles, nous ne réussirons pas si nous n’offrons pas des avantages égaux aux couples homosexuels. (Lord Browne, Group Chief Executive, BP, À la conférence «Les Femmes Leaders», Berlin, 19 juin 2002)

Report examines wage gap between sexes [in Canada] (Darren Yourk, Globe and Mail [Canada], 19 June 2002)

Cleaner who lost 60p an hour wins equal pay claim [UK] - A woman cleaner who found out she was earning 60p less per hour than a man who worked as a cleaner for the same company [Hannant Cleaning Services in Norwich] has won her case of sex discrimination and victimisation, the Equal Opportunities Commission (EOC) announced today. (Equal Opportunities Commission [UK], 18 June 2002)

Court OKs Amex Discrimination Settlement [USA] - A federal court has approved a $31 million settlement of a nationwide gender and age discrimination lawsuit against American Express Co.'s financial advisers unit, plaintiffs' lawyers said on Monday. (Reuters, 17 June 2002)

Globalization Narrows Gender Gap: World Bank - Economic globalization has been proven able to reduce gender inequalities across the world, a senior economist at the World Bank said...However, globalization itself was not enough, and the support of governments was needed to step up efforts to eradicate gender disparities, said Andrew Mason. (A’an Suryana, Jakarta Post, 13 June 2002)

Internationally-recognised Core Labour Standards in India -...India has only ratified four of the core ILO labour conventions. In view of serious problems of child labour and forced labour, as well as restrictions on the trade union rights of workers in EPZ’s and continuing gender discrimination in employment, determined measures are needed (International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, 11 June 2002)

Electronics and Appliances Sector Rated Highly for Environmental Performance: German research firm also finds, however, that there is much room for improvement in the sector's social performance -...This most recent report evaluates the world's top 16 manufacturers of office electronic equipment and domestic appliances...The Oekom study revealed the sector's dismal record for employing women in management positions, especially at Japanese firms. Sharp and Toshiba...have a mere 0.5 percent of their top executive positions filled by women. Oekom compares this to Xerox, the U.S.-based rival that employs 31 percent women in the upper echelon of its management. (William Baue, SocialFunds.com, 4 June 2002)

Earnings of women still lag by 18% [UK] - British women can celebrate 50 years of progress in the workplace, but still lack sufficient childcare, are concentrated in particular jobs, and earn on average 18% less than men, according to the equal opportunities commission. (Tania Branigan, Guardian [UK], 3 June 2002)

{···français} Travail égal, salaires égaux [Ile Maurice]: Vers la ratification de deux conventions [du Bureau international du travail] par le gouvernement - La Convention 100 traite du paiement de salaires égaux aux hommes et femmes pour travail égal et la Convention 111 traite de la non-discrimination dans le travail et dans la classification des postes...Le BIT a identifié plusieurs Remunerations orders couvrant des secteurs où les salaires et la classification des postes se font sur la base du sexe. Ces Remunerations orders concernent l'industrie théière; le bétail; les salines; l'industrie sucrière; les vergers; les boulangeries; et le service traiteur. (Le Mauricien [Ile Maurice], 1 juin 2002)

Internationally-recognised Core Labour Standards in Haiti: Report for the WTO General Council Review of Trade Policies of Haiti (Geneva, 5 and 7 June 2002) -... flagrant violations of workers’ trade union rights, including violence against trade union activists, and serious problems with child labour, including bonded child labour...Discrimination against women is a problem, especially in export processing plants and as concerns the representation of women in senior positions. (International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, 28 May 2002)

• {···français} Normes fondamentales du travail internationalement reconnues en Haïti -... des violations manifestes commises à l'encontre des droits syndicaux des travailleurs, notamment de la violence contre les militants syndicaux, et des graves problèmes liés au travail des enfants, y compris la servitude des enfants pour dette...La discrimination contre les femmes pose un problème, en particulier dans les usines vouées à l'exportation et en ce qui concerne la représentation des femmes à des postes hiérarchiques élevés. (Confédération internationale des syndicats libres, 28 mai 2002)

BSR Unveils Labor Law Database: Web-based Tool to Improve Labor Compliance and Safeguard Human Rights in the Supply Chain - Business for Social Responsibility (BSR) today unveiled Labor Law, a unique Internet database of labor law reports and supply chain compliance resources. Compiled from hundreds of primary sources, Labor Law will provide users with independently verified, in-depth reports on more than 60 countries' labor requirements relevant to corporate codes of conduct - from child labor and discrimination to working hours and wages. (Business for Social Responsibility, 21 May 2002)

• Labor Law - Labor Law is a unique Internet database of detailed labor law reports and supply chain compliance resources [a paid service for subscribers] (Business for Social Responsibility)

US may press countries over labour rights - The US is considering the first revision in almost 20 years to the list of workers' rights that African and other developing countries must respect in order to sell their goods duty-free into the US market. The US Senate is likely to approve next week a revision to the 25-year-old Generalised System of Preferences that will for the first time require beneficiary countries to prohibit discrimination with respect to employment and occupation. (Edward Alden, Financial Times, 16 May 2002)

Issue Brief: Global Empowerment of Women (Calvert Group, 15 May 2002)

LABOR: ILO, Philippines Sign "Decent Work" Deal - The Philippines, one of four countries selected for the initial three-year phase of the International Labor Organization's Action Program for Decent Work, signed an agreement yesterday in Manila with the ILO and employers' and workers' groups to launch the program in the country. The Philippines is bound under the joint declaration to support freedom of association and collective bargaining and to seek the elimination of forced labor, child labor and discrimination in the workplace. (UN Wire, 14 May 2002)

Internationally-recognised Core Labour Standards in Slovenia: Report for the WTO General Council review of trade policies of Slovenia (Geneva, 13 and 15 May 2002) -...women receive lower wages than men and are under-represented in senior positions, and discrimination in employment against Roma continues to be a problem...Child labour does not generally occur, although there are credible reports of children under 16 working, largely on family farms, during the harvest. (International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, 13 May 2002)

Union accuses employers on gender pay gap [UK] - Amicus, Britain's largest private sector union, is accusing employers of deliberately exploiting pay differentials between men and women as it steps up a campaign this week to address the problem. (Nikki Tait, Financial Times, 5 May 2002)

Law Firm Accused of Discriminating Against Women Settles Suit [USA]: The law firm headed by David Boies agreed yesterday to settle a lawsuit brought by two former employees who claimed that the firm had illegally discriminated against them and other female lawyers by paying them less than the men and restricting their career opportunities (Robert F. Worth, New York Times, 26 Apr. 2002)

Kirby Bouquet for Equal Pay [Australia]: High Court judge Michael Kirby cites NSW treatment of equal pay as a ground-breaking application of human rights principles into industrial law - Speaking to a packed audience, Justice Kirby argued that international human rights principles, through ILO conventions, were increasingly underpinning Australian workplace law. (Workers Online, Labor Council of New South Wales [Australia], 26 Apr. 2002)

Glass Ceilings Harden Instead of Shattering for Women in the U.S. and U.K.: Numerous recent studies on both sides of the Atlantic report continuing and even increasing disparity between women's and men's pay and advancement opportunities. (William Baue, SocialFunds.com, 19 Apr. 2002) 

Women Not Welcome in Corporate India -...VN Dhoot, chairman, Videocon, which has no women employees in its corporate office, laughingly says: "We are from an orthodox family."...Experts say only three per cent women occupy senior positions in private sector companies across the country. Most have an average of five to six per cent women employees...Several companies are employing women friendly policies. Chhachhi cites the example of ICICI and Pepsi. (Roli Srivastava, Times of India, 18 Apr. 2002)

Japanese women push at the door: Companies are being forced to confront sexual discrimination after a landmark ruling against Nomura...Nomura was ordered in February to pay Y56m ($425,000) in damages to 12 women who were denied promotion because of sexual discrimination (Bayan Rahman, Financial Times, 17 Apr. 2002)

2002 Coalition of Union Leaders, Elected Officials and Working Women Speak Out for Equal Pay [USA]: "Unequal Pay Robs Working Women and Their Families" (AFL-CIO, 16 Apr. 2002)

Employers must assess workplace risks to pregnant women, EAT rules [UK] - The failure of a nursing home to carry out an assessment of the risk posed by working conditions for new or expectant mothers was sex discrimination, according to a recent decision made by the Employment Appeal Tribunal. (Equal Opportunities Commission [UK], 15 Apr. 2002)

Survey: Nearly 90 percent Indian firms have no human rights policy -..."Only 12 per cent of the companies surveyed responded that they have a policy on human rights, with another 35 percent saying they had a policy on anti-discrimination against women/ men, caste and religion." (CSR World, based on article in The Business Standard [India], 15 Apr. 2002)

Journalists Recount Gender Imbalance in Newsrooms: African women journalists face major career progression hurdles and are subject to male domination and bashing within the newsrooms. (Stephen Mbogo, African Church Information Service, 8 Apr. 2002)

Chicagoans to Charge Discrimination Against MCI, WorldCom [USA]: Past and present employees of MCI and WorldCom in Chicago have banded together with some 150 others across the nation to levy a class action lawsuit for having allegedly faced sex, race, disability, age and religious discrimination on a daily basis. (Adam Fendelman, ePrairie.com, 2 Apr. 2002)

Women say 'workplace is racist' [UK]: A majority of women believe the workplace is racist and that career choices are limited by ethnic background, according to a survey. Black and Asian women feel they face discrimination at work not only because of their gender, but their colour as well, said the Commission for Racial Equality (BBC News, 2 Apr. 2002)

{···français} Le droit des sociétés de plus en plus politique [France]: Avec la loi sur les nouvelles régulations économiques, il est aussi un outil de protection des salariés -...La liste vise l'effectif et les embauches, mais aussi les licenciements et leurs motifs, les heures supplémentaires, la main-d'œuvre extérieure, l'organisation du temps de travail, l'état de l'égalité professionnelle entre femmes et hommes, l'insertion des travailleurs handicapés, l'importance de la sous-traitance ou la manière dont la société prend en compte l'impact territorial de ses activités. (Marie-Anne Frison-Roche, professeur de droit à l'Institut d'études politiques de Paris, Le Monde, 25 mars 2002)

High court ruling nicks the protective coating of arbitration policies [USA]:...Arbitration clauses have become common in most business agreements, including employment contracts...In a recent case, EEOC v. Waffle House Inc., the US Supreme Court has declared that the EEOC [U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission] may go to court to seek all available remedies for alleged job discrimination regardless of the employer-employee agreement to resolve their disputes through binding arbitration. (Andrew Grainger & Thomas Royall Smith, Boston Globe, 24 Mar. 2002)

ICFTU report condemns Mexican core labour rights abuses: Fierce anti-union discrimination, shocking working conditions in the maquiladoras, some 1.5 million unrecognised domestic workers with no legal rights and widespread discrimination against women and the indigenous population: these are among the findings of a new critical report on Mexico released by the ICFTU to coincide with the 20-22 March WTO trade policy review of the country. (International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, 20 Mar. 2002)

• {···español} Informe de la CIOSL condena los atropellos mexicanos de los derechos sindicales fundamentales: Feroz discriminación antisindical, abrumadoras condiciones de trabajo en las maquiladoras, alrededor de 1,5 millón de trabajadores y trabajadoras domésticos no declarados que no tienen ningún derecho legal y difundida discriminación contra la mujer y la población indígena (Confederación Internacional de Organizaciones Sindicales Libres, 20 marzo 2002)

• {···français} Un rapport de la CISL condamne des atteintes contre les droits fondamentaux du travail au Mexique: Une discrimination antisyndicale féroce, des conditions de travail scandaleuses dans les maquiladoras, près de 1,5 million de travailleurs domestiques non reconnus et ne jouissant d'aucun droit légal, de même qu'une discrimination généralisée à l'encontre des femmes et des populations autochtones (Confédération internationale des syndicats libres, 20 mars 2002) 

Clothing workers down tools [South Africa]: About 500 Fort Jackson clothing factory employees downed tools this week in protest against a myriad of alleged factory floor abuses by management. Alleged abuses by International Clothing Manufacturer (ICM) factory management range from unpaid maternity and sick leave, unpaid overtime, long working hours and failure by management to recognise their union, the South African Clothing and Textile Workers' Union (Sactwu). (Zama Feni, Dispatch [South Africa], 20 Mar. 2002)

How to Get a Company's Attention on Women's Pay [USA]: In a recently released study of the 10 industries that employed the most women from 1995 to 2000, the General Accounting Office found that the gap between the salaries of men and women had widened for managers in seven of those sectors. The largest widening was in entertainment and recreational services, where female managers were earning just 62 cents for every dollar made by a male manager in 2000 (Jeffrey L. Seglin, New York Times, 17 Mar. 2002) 

Women paid 63 percent of what men earn [South Korea]: The wage gap between Korean men and women has been narrowing significantly for decades, but women are still being paid much less due to discrimination, a report showed yesterday. (Byun Tae-kyung, Korea Herald, 16 Mar. 2002) 

{···français} En Belgique aussi, une enquête administrative est ouverte [IBM]: La ministre de l'emploi saisit l'Inspection sociale -...Laurette Onkelinx, la ministre fédérale de l'emploi (PS), a diligenté une enquête de l'Inspection sociale, lui demandant de vérifier notamment si l'entreprise fixait des "quotas d'exclusion", si des femmes enceintes avaient été écartées par ce biais (Le Monde, 15 mars 2002)

Spotlight on unions and women [Mauritania]: Mahjouba Mint Saleek (CGTM, Mauritania) (International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, 13 Mar. 2002)

• {···español} En Primer plano: Mahjouba Mint Saleek, secretaria ejecutiva del departamento de mujeres y juventud de la CGTM [Mauritania] (Confederación Internacional de Organizaciones Sindicales Libres, 13 marzo 2002)

• {···français} Gros Plan sur les Femmes - Mahjouba Mint Saleek (CGTM - Mauritanie) (Confédération Internationale des Syndicats Libres, 13 mars 2002)

Bahamas Votes Against Women’s Rights: Bahamians last week voted against two women’s rights amendments to the Bahamas constitution. One would have protected women against job discrimination (Feminist Daily News Wire, 12 Mar. 2002)

Spotlight on unions and women [Germany]: Ursula Engelen-Kefer of the German DGB [German Trade Union Confederation] -...Legislation [in Germany] is definitely not discriminatory: on the contrary it guarantees male-female equality in many areas such as fixed-term contracts and part-time work. However, in practice equality is still hard to achieve. (International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, 12 Mar. 2002)

Spotlight on unions and women [Belgium]: Mia de Vits, FGTB Belgium -...The gap between men and women remains very large, with a 30% difference in pay for jobs of equal status...That is all compounded by other factors, such as sexual harassment, which are increasingly being brought to light with women often being the victims. In Belgium, a law providing for a protection procedure is currently in draft form. With regard to sexual harassment, we have managed to get companies to designate members of staff whom employees can confide in. (International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, 11 Mar. 2002)

• {···español} En primer plano: Mia de Vits , Secretaria General de la FGTB [Bélgica] -...La brecha entre hombres y mujeres sigue siendo muy grande ya que todavía hay 30% de diferencia entre los salarios de puestos equivalentes...A eso se agregan otros fenómenos, como el acoso sexual o la intimidación moral, de los que se habla mucho más que antes y que generalmente afecta a las mujeres. En Bélgica se ha hecho un proyecto de ley estipulando diversos procedimientos de protección. En lo concerniente al acoso sexual, se consiguió que las empresas designen a personas de confianza con quienes las asalariadas pueden hablar. (Confederación Internacional de Organizaciones Sindicales Libres, 11 marzo 2002)

• {···français} Gros Plan sur les Femmes - Mia de Vits (FGTB) [Belgique]: Le clivage entre hommes et femmes reste encore très important car il y a toujours 30% de différence de salaires pour des postes équivalents...A cela s'ajoutent d'autres phénomènes, comme le harcèlement sexuel ou l'intimidation morale, dont on parle beaucoup plus qu'auparavant, et dont les femmes sont souvent victimes. En Belgique, un projet de loi prévoit une procédure de protection. Pour le harcèlement sexuel, on a obtenu que les entreprises désignent des personnes de confiance avec lesquelles les salariés peuvent parler. (Confédération Internationale des Syndicats Libres, 11 mars 2002)

Spotlight on unions and women [India]: Christine Nathan of the Indian IFBWW [Indian Federation of Building and Woodworkers] [refers to rights of women workers] (International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, 11 Mar. 2002)

Businesses cool to new gender-equality law [Taiwan]: As the Gender Equality Labor Law went into effect on Friday, nearly 70 percent of Taiwan's businesses believe that the law will cause difficulties in terms of management, according to the results of a poll released yesterday. (Taipei Times, 10 Mar. 2002)

Protesters march for Women's Day [Indonesia]:...IWLTUF [Indonesian Women Leader's Trade Union Forum] coordinator, Ester S. Tuange, said they were demanding equal treatment for women and equal opportunities in the labor market. She said companies must not practice wage discrimination as between men and women, and must eliminate the exploitation of women. (Jakarta Post, 9 Mar. 2002) 

EEOC [U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission] announces $47 million agreement in principle to settle claims of class-wide sex bias against Rent-a-Center [USA] (U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 8 Mar. 2002)

'Drop your pants' outrage at Indonesian shoe factory: Oxfam says workers were put through humiliating examinations before getting the menstrual leave they were entitled to - Indonesian workers at a shoe factory supplying Nike and Adidas have had to prove to company doctors that they were menstruating in order to get their allotted sick leave. (AFP, in Straits Times [Singapore], 8 Mar. 2002)

Nike and Adidas 'have failed to stop sweatshop abuses': Indonesian workers producing sports shoes for the multinational companies Nike and Adidas live in extreme poverty and face prosecution and physical assault for trade union activity, according to a report published yesterday. (Richard Lloyd Parry, Independent [UK], 8 Mar. 2002)

Oxfam challenges Nike, Adidas to pay workers [Indonesia] (Miranda Korzy, AAP, 7 Mar. 2002)

• press release: We are not machines - International Women's Day Event - Today young women involved in the Fair School Wear campaign will challenge Nike and Adidas to respect the rights of Asian women workers [in Indonesia] and stop breaking up families: "Nike and Adidas must ensure that wages meet workers' basic needs, ensure workers are free to form unions, and adopt a genuinely independent and transparent factory monitoring system" (Oxfam Community Aid Abroad, 7 Mar. 2002)

  full report: We Are Not Machines - Despite some small steps forward, poverty and fear still dominate the lives of Nike and Adidas workers in Indonesia. (Timothy Connor, Clean Clothes Campaign, Global Exchange, Maquila Solidarity Network, Oxfam Canada, Oxfam Community Aid Abroad, Mar. 2002)

Spotlight on unions and women: Nancy Riche [President of the Canadian Labour Congress] and Elsa Ramos [Director of the ICFTU Equality Department] (International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, 7 Mar. 2002)

A fresh start for human rights in Pakistan:...The purpose of this project is to help vulnerable working people - particularly, but not exclusively - those who are not covered by existing labour law. This includes women workers, bonded labour, child labour, home based workers, contract and casual labour and workers in EPZs. (Labour and Society International, 5 Mar. 2002)

The latest Novo Nordisk Triple Bottom Line report: 'Reporting on the Triple Bottom Line 2001: Dealing with dilemmas' [social/environmental report by Novo Nordisk; includes sections on: globalisation and its implications for business, access to healthcare in developing countries, intellectual property rights, diversity and equal opportunities in the workplace] (Novo Nordisk, Mar. 2002)

Sweatshop Labor, Sweatshop Movement [USA] [book review of Sweatshop Warriors: Immigrant Women Workers Take on the Global Economy, Miriam Ching Yoon Louie]: Miriam Ching Yoon Louie offers an important and insightful look at sweatshops in the United States. (Bill Fletcher, Jr., Monthly Review, Mar. 2002)

EEOC and Verizon settle pregnancy bias suit; thousands of women to receive benefits [USA] -- The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) today announced the settlement of a major class action lawsuit alleging pregnancy discrimination against Verizon predecessor companies NYNEX and Bell Atlantic. (U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 26 Feb. 2002)

Women workers urged to unionize: Indonesian women employed in the transport and tourism field should form their own union to put an end to widespread gender discrimination in the workplace, an activist said. (Jakarta Post, 25 Feb. 2002) 

EEOC [U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission] settles race and sex bias suit for $1 million against Optical Cable Corp. - EEOC's suit alleged that Optical Cable violated Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 by failing to hire African-American applicants for a 10-year period, by assigning women to lower paying positions than their similarly situated male counterparts, and by wrongfully discharging a former African-American employee based on his race. (U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 21 Feb. 2002)

Industrial Unrest in China: A Labor Movement in the Making? [section entitled "Illegal Working Conditions and Management Methods" refers to "sexist pay rates" that award male workers more than female workers, workers earning less than the legal minimum, and "humiliating and antisocial behavior from management"] (Tim Pringle, Foreign Policy In Focus, 20 Feb. 2002)

Women's Progress? Not As Much As You Thought - A new report shows that women are still far from equal in nearly every measure of corporate success (Toddi Gutner, Business Week, 18 Feb. 2002)

Guatemala: Women and Girls Face Job Discrimination - U.S. Companies Contract With Abusive "Maquilas" - Women in Guatemala's largest female-dominated labor sectors face persistent sex discrimination and abuse, Human Rights Watch charged in a report released today. (Human Rights Watch, 12 Feb. 2002)

• full report: From the Household to the Factory: Sex Discrimination in the Guatemalan Labor Force (Human Rights Watch, Jan. 2002)

• {···español} Las trabajadoras se enfrentan a la discriminación: Empresas estadounidenses mantienen contratos con maquiladoras abusivas

• {···español} Del hogar a la fábrica: Discriminación en la fuerza laboral guatemalteca

• Guatemala women 'abused': Women working in Guatemala's two largest female-dominated sectors of industry - sewing and household services - suffer from persistent sex discrimination and abuse, human rights campaigners say. (BBC News, 12 Feb. 2002)

New union demands equal pay: The UK's second biggest union is threatening "naming-and-shaming" for employers who fail to hold pay audits in an effort to expose unequality between men and women. Officials point to statistics that suggest women earn up to 18% less than men. (BBC News, 9 Feb. 2002)

Swiss prize goes to female metal worker: Lathe operator fought hard against pay discrimination [Switzerland] (IMF-International Metalworkers' Federation, 5 Feb. 2002)

Securicor put camera in female locker room [UK]:...Union leaders last night demanded compensation for female employees worried about "peeping toms" and threatened legal action under data protection legislation and the Sex Discrimination Act. (Kevin Maguire, Guardian [UK], 19 Jan. 2002)

Boeing sued by female workers claiming gender discrimination [USA]: The Boeing Co. was sued in three states Wednesday by female employees who claim the company denied them pay, promotions and other workplace benefits based on their gender. (Bloomberg News, 17 Jan. 2002)

New Poll Sets Agenda for Corporate Responsibility in India [findings include: Public expectations of corporations on social and environmental matters are high and rising; Gender discrimination is a prominent issue in the workplace; Workers and management have sharply diverging perceptions of labour conditions including child labour issues] (TERI-Europe [London affiliate of Tata Energy Research Institute in New Delhi] and New Academy of Business, 16 Jan. 2002)

• full report: Altered Images: Understanding and Encouraging Corporate Responsibility in India (Ritu Kumar, David F. Murphy & Viraal Balsari; TERI-Europe & New Academy of Business, 2001)

U.S. Companies Promote Gender Apartheid in Saudi Arabia: McDonald’s, Kentucky Fried Chicken, and Burger King all promote sex discrimination in Saudi Arabia as these restaurants “all have two designated areas: one for families and the other for singles, all males,” said Ann Rozenich, an employee of McDonald’s in the communications office. (Feminist Majority Foundation, Feminist Daily News Wire, 15 Jan. 2002)

2001:

Firms pressured over equal pay [UK]: A UK trade union is attempting to force Rolls Royce, BAE Systems and other leading employers [a total of 10,000 businesses] to reveal whether or not they offer equal rates of pay to men and women. (BBC News, 20 Dec. 2001)

EEOC [U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission] Opposes Settlement of Rent-A-Center Lawsuit:...In May, 1999 the EEOC filed a lawsuit...charging that Rent-A-Center [rental furniture, appliances, electronics & computers], when it acquired a competitor named Rentronics, terminated female employees and refused to hire female applicants in Tennessee and Arkansas because of their sex. (U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 13 Dec. 2001)

Minister calls for gender 'pay gap' clampdown [UK]: Firms are being urged to launch pay reviews to make sure female staff are not being paid less than men...Women will find it easier to get information from their employer about whether they are being paid less than male colleagues. (Ananova [UK], 5 Dec. 2001)

Break in career costs women their rights [UK]: Women who take a career break to bring up their children do not automatically retain employment rights, an employment tribunal has ruled. In a ruling with implications for thousands of working mothers, an employee of Barclays has been told that she cannot bring a case of unfair dismissal against the bank because she did not have continuity of service. (Alexandra Frean, Times [UK], 5 Dec. 2001)

Equality committees proposed in new guidelines [Ireland]: The establishment of equality committees and appointment of equality officers are among the proposals in new guidelines for equality in employment...Two weeks ago two companies were ordered by the Director of Equality Investigations to pay £5,000 and £8,000 respectively for discriminating in employment against a member of the Travelling community and a man suffering from a disability. (Carol Coulter, Irish Times, 3 Dec. 2001)

New plan to close equal pay gap [UK]: New law will force bosses to admit whether men receive higher salaries - Working women are to get new legal rights to find out whether male colleagues earn more than them as part of a government crusade to close the pay gap between the sexes. (Gaby Hinsliff, Observer [UK], 2 Dec. 2001)

A Trade Union Guide to Globalisation:...released...on March 26, 2002, focuses on the impact of globalisation on workers, and trade union responses...The Guide to Globalisation gives a tour of the wide array of new approaches in the field of corporate social responsibility, from the UN's Global Compact, to the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises to unilateral codes of conduct....Central to the guide is the ever-increasing role of multinational enterprises...The guide points to "new management methods, sometimes ‘best practice,’ but too often ‘worst practice’, and the threat to relocate to countries with lower social or environmental standards and no independent trade unions." [other topics include export processing zones; exploitation & abuse of women workers] (International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, Dec. 2001)

• {···español} Una guía sindical sobre la mundialización: En una guía sobre la mundialización se ponen de relieve las peores prácticas (Confederación Internacional de Organizaciones Sindicales Libres, diciembre 2001)

• {···français} Guide syndical de la mondialisation: Un guide syndical sur la mondialisation pour dénoncer les pires pratiques (Confédération internationale des Syndicats Libres, décembre 2001)

Women still face pay disparity [Wales, UK]: Women in Wales are still being paid less than men three decades after legislation to ensure equality was introduced, according to a study on the divide in wages. [report by the Equal Opportunities Commission] (BBC News, 21 Nov. 2001)

Working father's victory in sex bias case over childcare [Scotland, UK]: The rights of working fathers were boosted yesterday when a mechanic, refused shorter hours that would have fitted in with childcare, won a sex discrimination case. Neil Walkingshaw, from North Berwick, took the John Martin Group [auto dealer] to an industrial tribunal after they turned down his request to work part time to look after his son - even though they had granted similar requests from women in the company. (Gerard Seenan, Guardian [UK], 21 Nov. 2001)

• Discrimination ruling could benefit working fathers [Scotland, UK]: Working fathers across the country are set to benefit from a landmark sex discrimation case, in which a mechanic from East Lothian challenged his employers for refusing to let him work part-time. (Scotland Today, 20 Nov. 2001)

Internationally-Recognised Core Labour Standards In The Slovak Republic: Report for the WTO General Council Review of the trade policies of the Slovak Republic...Women, the disabled, and Roma face discrimination in employment. (International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, 20 Nov. 2001)

Class Status Denied in Microsoft Race Suit [USA]: A federal judge in Seattle on Friday denied class certification for employees suing Microsoft Corp. over alleged racial and gender discrimination, ruling the software giant's managerial system was sound. Redmond, Washington-based Microsoft had rejected charges that it gave current and former black and female employees subpar pay, promotions and evaluations. (Reuters, 16 Nov. 2001) 

Czech Republic: Still room for improvement on basic labour rights - Restrictions on the right to strike and collective bargaining in the public sector and blatant discrimination based on gender and ethnic origin, especially against the Roma population. (International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, 22 Oct. 2001)

On Corporate Influence: An unbalanced justice [USA] - What began as a noble concept -- using arbitration instead of the courts to settle many disputes -- has developed into a grossly unfair commercial justice system. In a three-part series that concluded Tuesday, Chronicle staff writer Reynolds Holding provided compelling evidence of serious problems in a system of mandatory arbitration that has become dominated by corporate interests. The series showed case after case in which workers and consumers with legitimate grievances had no chance of getting a fair remedy in arbitration. (editorial, San Francisco Chronicle, 14 Oct. 2001)

• Arbitration attacked in front of high court: Justices disagree on expanding its reach [USA] - Mandatory arbitration came under attack before the U.S. Supreme Court yesterday, with an attorney arguing that the private, quasi-legal system of resolving disputes should not be allowed to restrict the power of agencies that protect the public from employment discrimination. (Reynolds Holding, San Francisco Chronicle, 11 Oct. 2001)

• Judges' action cast shadow on court's integrity: Lure of high-paying jobs as arbitrators may compromise impartiality [USA] -...Her boss had greeted the news of her pregnancy by demoting her, Shubin claimed, so she sued him for sex discrimination. But a clause in her employment contract said she couldn't sue. She could only take her complaint to mandatory arbitration, a private process of resolving disputes without judges, juries or the rule of law. The same clause, though, allowed her boss to sue her in certain circumstances, a double- standard that Shubin cited in persuading a trial court to strike down the clause as "unconscionable." (Reynolds Holding, San Francisco Chronicle, 9 Oct. 2001)

• Private Justice: Can public count on fair arbitration? Financial ties to corporations are conflict of interest, critics say [USA] (Reynolds Holding, San Francisco Chronicle, 8 Oct. 2001)

• Private Justice: Millions are losing their legal rights Supreme Court forces disputes from court to arbitration - a system with no laws [USA]: A private brand of civil justice, one without laws or juries or constitutional rights, has swept quietly across the nation's commercial landscape, shielding corporations from costly verdicts, compromising judges and stripping the public of its right to a day in court. Tens of millions of Americans can no longer get medical treatment, a job, a home, a credit card or a host of goods and services without agreeing to resolve future disputes in confidential, unregulated proceedings riddled with conflicts of interest. They cannot claim injury, fraud or discrimination without paying filing fees that may reach thousands of dollars. They cannot rely on legal guarantees of due process and fair treatment. They cannot appeal, except in rare circumstances. And most of them don't even know it. (Reynolds Holding, San Francisco Chronicle, 7 Oct. 2001)

• industry association website: American Arbitration Association: Dispute Resolution Services Worldwide

ASIA: Women Face Hostile Conditions In Workplace, ILO Says - An International Labor Organization report says that while a greater number of women are moving into the workforce in Asia, many of them occupy low-status jobs and are increasingly vulnerable to sexual harassment in the workplace. (UN Wire, 3 Oct. 2001)

Women face hostile conditions at workplaces in Asia: ILO report - A large number of women are moving into labour force in Asia, but they occupy bottom rungs of the employment ladder leading to increase in the scale and risk of sexual harassment at workplaces, says a technical report of International Labour Organization (ILO). (Dawn [Pakistan], 3 Oct. 2001)

EEOC and Eagle Global Logistics settle employment discrimination lawsuit with $9 million consent decree: Voluntary Agreement Resolves Allegations of Discrimination - The United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and Eagle Global Logistics f/k/a Eagle U.S.A. Airfreight, Inc., announced today that they have reached a $9,000,000 voluntary settlement...The settlement through a Consent Decree avoids protracted litigation by the EEOC on behalf of a class of African-Americans, Hispanics, and female employees and applicants who were allegedly subjected to race, gender, age, national origin discrimination, and harassment on the basis of sex and retaliation. (U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 1 Oct. 2001)

Migrating from Exploitation to Dignity: Immigrant Women Workers and the Struggle for Justice - An Interview with Miriam Ching Yoon Louie - Miriam Ching Yoon Louie is the author of Sweatshop Warriors: Immigrant Women Workers Take on the Global Factory. (Multinational Monitor, Oct. 2001)

GM bias lawsuit settled for $1.25 million - Automaker to adopt policies to fight discrimination: General Motors Corp. will pay $1.25 million to 16 workers at a Linden, N.J. [New Jersey], assembly plant to settle lawsuits charging the company with sexual and racial discrimination. The automaker also agreed Wednesday to new policies over the next two years that will make it easier for plant workers to report incidents of discrimination, while speeding the investigation of future discrimination claims. The Linden settlement represents the fourth major payout in three years by an automaker involving harassment lawsuits. In 1998, Mitsubishi Motors Corp. paid out $34 million to settle a harassment lawsuit brought on behalf of about 500 women at a Normal, Ill., assembly plant, and Ford reportedly agreed to a seven-figure settlement of a harassment lawsuit at a Chicago stamping plant. In 1999, a female worker at Chrysler's Jefferson North assembly plant won a $21-million lawsuit against the automaker for sexual harassment. Chrysler is appealing the decision. (Joe Miller, Detroit News, 27 Sep. 2001)

EEOC [U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission] resolves lawsuits for $1.25 million against General Motors Corporation: The suits...alleged that GM had failed to provide Mary Scott a work environment free from sexual harassment and similarly failed to address incidents of racial harassment affecting her and other African- American employees. In addition, the EEOC charged that Melvin Wood was retaliated against when he supported Ms. Scott's complaints to management about discriminatory treatment...According to the settlement, GM will pay $1.25 million to Ms. Scott, Mr. Wood, and a group of 14 other African-American workers who had alleged they had been subjected to racial harassment on the job. GM also agreed to revise its procedures, to report the results of all investigations of complaints, and to continue to train all employees in positions of authority concerning worker rights and employer responsibilities under Title VII. (U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 26 Sep. 2001)

EEOC [U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission] files sex discrimination lawsuit against Morgan Stanley: Lawsuit Charges Brokerage House with Widespread Discrimination against Women (U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 10 Sep. 2001)

Workplace one of frontlines in fight against discrimination, Secretary-General tells Global Compact event - Following is the text of remarks made today by Secretary-General Kofi Annan at the Global Compact Event held in conjunction with the World Conference against Racism in Durban, South Africa (United Nations, 1 Sep. 2001)

Integrating Gender into the Third World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance [includes section entitled "Women and the Economy"] (South Africa 31 August-7 September 2001) (United Nations Development Fund for Women [UNIFEM], prepared in advance of the World Conference Against Racism, 31 Aug. - 7 Sep. 2001)

Women's Human Rights: Engendering the Agenda of the World Conference Against Racism (Asia Pacific Forum on Women, Law and Development [APWFLD], prepared in advance of the World Conference Against Racism, 31 Aug. - 7 Sep. 2001)

Between Poverty And Women: The concern for gender issues in poverty alleviation and employment promotion is premised not only on the principle of equity in economic opportunities and benefits between men and women. It is also advocated in the interest of economic efficiency. Several research studies and expert opinions have proved that sustained economic development can only be achieved if the full potential of all human resources, both men and women, is realised, and their respective economic activities are harnessed and developed. (Femi Boyede, The Guardian [Lagos], 27 Aug. 2001)

Race, Gender Equity a Formidable Undertaking [South Africa]: Employment equity commission reports most top jobs are held by men. The legacy of apartheid and gender inequality is proving difficult to overcome as the labour department's employment equity report released yesterday shows. (Business Day [Johannesburg], 24 Aug. 2001)

Environmental Racism Shifts the Costs of Industry to the Poor: Environmental racism affects individuals, groups or communities differentially, based on race or colour. It combines with public policies and industry practices to provide benefits for corporations, while shifting the costs to people of colour. It influences local land use, the enforcement of environmental regulations, the siting of industry and the areas where people of colour live, work and play...Environmental racism manifests itself in the sub-standard treatment of workers. Thousands of farm workers and their families are exposed to dangerous pesticides on the job and in labour camps. These workers endure sub-standard wages and working conditions. But environmental racism also extends to the exploitative work environment of garment district sweatshops, the microelectronic industry and extraction industries. A disproportionately large share of the workers who suffer under sub-standard occupational and safety conditions are immigrants, women and people of colour. [article extracted from paper prepared for the World Conference on Racism and Public Policy in Durban from September 3-5, sponsored by United Nations Research Institute for Social Development] (Robert D Bullard [Director of the Environmental Justice Resource Centre at Clark Atlanta University in the USA], Mail & Guardian [Johannesburg], 24 Aug. 2001)

Lack Of CEO Commitment Impedes Women's Advancement: There is a gap between executive women's leadership expectations and the actions and behaviour of business leaders, according to the first comprehensive Canadian study on chief executive commitment to gender diversity. The report, Chief Executive Commitment: The Key To Enhancing Women's Advancement, was released today by The Conference Board of Canada. (Conference Board of Canada, 14 Aug. 2001)

Malaysia tries to clean up gender discrimination laws: In a rare show of accord between government and opposition leaders, Malaysia's Parliament passed a constitutional amendment on Wednesday to prevent gender discrimination. (Associated Press, in Times of India, 2 Aug. 2001)

Cameroon: New international report points to labour violations - Restrictions on the right to organise, regular interference by the government in trade union activities, blatant discrimination based on gender and ethnicity, and widespread use of forced labour in prison. (International Confederation of Free Trade Unions [ICFTU], 25 July 2001) 

• {···español: Camerún: Nuevo informe internacional habla de violaciones de derechos sindicales}
• {···français: Cameroun: Un nouveau rapport international fait état de violations des droits du travail}

Equality-for-women move in Malaysia hailed: Malaysian human rights groups on Tuesday welcomed the government's plan to amend the Constitution to guarantee women equal rights with men. (AFP, in Straits Times [Singapore], 24 July 2001)

Dole Food's labor history is bumpy: There has been a series of legal actions involving the company's workers. (Andy Furillo, Sacramento Bee [Sacramento, California], 22 July 2001)

$1.8 million consent decree ends EEOC federal employment discrimination suit in Rockford [Illinois, USA] against Ingersoll: Hundreds May Receive Compensation For Alleged Race And Sex Bias By Leading Area Employer - Federal District Court Judge Philip G. Reinhard today approved a $1.8 million Consent Decree resolving a major race and sex employment discrimination lawsuit brought by the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 on behalf of blacks and women alleged to have been discriminated against by Ingersoll Milling Machine Company and its related companies. (The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 13 July 2001)

GENDER EQUITY: ILO Says Women Face "Glass Walls" In Jobs - Women face "glass walls" in their efforts to achieve high-ranking management positions, according to a new International Labor Organization study of the role of women in business and government in more than 70 countries. (UN Wire, 10 July 2001)

Enforcing international humanitarian law: Catching the accomplices - Literally within days of the adoption of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) at the end of the Rome Conference in July 1998 the Financial Times...published an article warning "commercial lawyers" that the treaty's accomplice liability provision "could create international criminal liability for employees, officers and directors of corporations"...The Financial Times was therefore quite right to warn business executives that a new world was dawning with the adoption of the Rome Statute. (William A. Schabas, Professor of Human Rights Law at the National University of Ireland, Galway, and Director of the Irish Centre for Human Rights, in International Review of the Red Cross No.42, 29 June 2001)

The Centre For Social Justice and the National Action Committee on the Status of Women announce new report on women's continued economic inequality [in Canada]: After decades of working toward income equality, women still lag far behind men in earning power. New research on previously unpublished Statistics Canada data shows women still face severe economic discrimination. (Centre for Social Justice, 27 June 2001)

LATIN AMERICA: ECLAC [Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean] Addresses Role Of Women In Development (UN Wire, 14 June 2001)

ICFTU says “still far to go” on gender equality: ILO Convention 100 on Pay Equity is 50 years old (ICFTU OnLine, 12 June 2001)

Beyond the "glass ceiling" - Women in the world of work: Progress, but slowly - ...Whether at work or in politics, this artificial barrier - a transparent but stifling cap fashioned from attitudinal and organizational prejudices - remains in effect despite decades of social development and advancements in gender equality. (World of Work - The Magazine of the ILO, June 2001)

AFRICA: Trade Unions Push For Maternity Protection (UN Wire, 24 May 2001)

ILO focusing on garment industry, EPZ [export processing zones] for enforcing conventions: Workshop participants find indifference [among governments] to implementing workers' rights (The Independent [Dhaka, Bangladesh], 15 May 2001)

Economic Development and Gender-Based Discrimination: A Survey of Current Issues and Future Perspectives (paper submitted to U.N. World Conference Against Racism by The National Council of Negro Women [NCNW], 24 Apr. 2001)

Union women take the lead in fight for women's rights (International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, 8 Mar. 2001)

Gender discrimination not good for growth [World Bank report] (Gumisai Mutume, Inter Press Service, 7 Mar. 2001)

Sweating it out: Nicaraguan women try to organize in a free trade zone (Megan Rowling, InTheseTimes.com, 5 Mar. 2001)

Indonesian Workers in Nike Plants List Abuses (Rajiv Chandrasekaran, Washington Post, 23 Feb. 2001)

• Groundbreaking Study by Global Alliance Reveals Advances, Challenges Continue in Global Manufacturing (Nike, 22 Feb. 2001)

• Nike Releases Remediation Plan for Indonesian Factories (22 Feb. 2001)

Gender and Globalization (Christine Chinkin, UN Chronicle, Feb. 2001)

Social environment and standards at the work place in the garment industry in Bulgaria - Results from a preliminarily research carried out within a Clean Clothes Campaign international project (Bulgarian Gender Research Foundation, 2001)

Women's Rights (Human Rights Watch, Human Rights Watch World Report 2001, 2001)

2000:

Discrimination And Poverty Likely Bedfellows (Africa News, 20 Nov. 2000)

Work, Empowerment and Equality - International Institute for Labour Studies Public Lecture by Bob Hepple, Professor of Law at Cambridge University, Geneva, Nov. 2000 (International Institute for Labour Studies, Nov. 2000)

Working Women in Indonesia (speech by U.S. Ambassador Robert S. Gelbard, 20 Oct. 2000)

Globalisation heightening gender inequalities (Mithre Sandrasagra, Inter Press Service, 10 Oct. 2000)

Saudi Arabia: Time is long overdue to address women's rights [news release] (Amnesty International, 27 Sep. 2000)

• full report: Saudi Arabia: Gross Human Rights Abuses against Women (Amnesty International, 27 Sep. 2000)

Norway Looks to Advance Women in Private Sector (Jack Freeman, Earth Times, 9 Sep. 2000)

Examining Gender-Based Wage Discrimination: Hearing of the [U.S.] Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions [USA] (U.S. Senate, 8 June 2000)

Only eight states close gender gap, says UNIFEM (Thalif Deen, Inter Press Service, 5 June 2000)

Director General's speech on Decent Work for Women (Juan Somavia, Director-General, International Labour Organization, 24 Mar. 2000)

• {···español: Alocución del Director General sobre el trabajo decente para las mujeres}

• {···français: Allocution du Directeur général sur le travail décent pour les femmes} 

Women’s pay: Is discrimination still an issue?  It’s thirty years since the Equal Pay Act came into effect in Britain. Yet the wages of men and women are still surprisingly different. Joanna Swaffield asks why. (Joanna Swaffield, Labour Markets programme, Centre for Economic Performance, in CentrePiece: The Magazine for Economic Performance, spring 2000)

Women and Globalisation - Some Key Issues (Shalmali Guttal, Focus on the Global South, Mar. 2000)

Palestinian Arab Women: Discrimination in the Workplace (Arab Association for Human Rights, 5 Jan. 2000)

1999:

Women's Caucus Declaration to the World Trade Organisation meeting in Seattle, 30 Nov.-3 Dec. 1999 (Third World Network)

Report on a Labor Rights-Women's Rights Advocacy Dialogue: Women's Rights and Labor Rights in Global Trade (International Labor Rights Fund, Sep. 1999)

Sita and her daughters: Women workers at an Indian export-processing zone (T.K. Rajalakshmi, PANOS, 1 May 1999)

Sex Discrimination and Sexual Harassment in the Workplace in Bulgaria (Minnesota Advocates for Human Rights, Mar. 1999)

1998:

Mexico - A Job or Your Rights: Continued Sex Discrimination in Mexico's Maquiladora Sector (Human Rights Watch, Dec. 1998)

La globalización de la minería: El impacto sobre la mujer (Victoria Tauli-Corpuz, Director, Fundación Tebtebba [Centro Internacional de Pueblos Indígenas para la Investigación en las Políticas y la Educación], Revista del Sur, julio 1998)

Women: Last in, first out (Prangtip Daorueng and Kafil Yamin, Inter Press Service, June 1998)

Equal pay policies [equal remuneration for men and women workers for work of equal value]: International review of selected developing and developed countries (Paula Määttä, International Labour Organization, May 1998)

1997:

Sexual Discrimination in Turkish Business Life: A Case Study in Banking Sector (Serpil Özdamar, Oct. 1997)

E. European Women Battle for a Better Workplace (Kristin von Kreisler, Christian Science Monitor, 8 Aug. 1997)

1995:

Wage Discrimination in Industry - National Workshop: Women's Employment and Moroccan Competitive Advantage, 26 July 1995, Rabat, Morocco (United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, 26 July 1995)