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See also other materials on "Security issues / Conflict zones"

United Nations standards:

UN Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Officials (United Nations, 1990)

UN Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials (United Nations, 1979)

Other standards and guidelines:

Human Rights Guidelines for Companies (Amnesty International UK Business Group): see section entitled "Responsibility for own operations: Security arrangements"

Recommendations for a corporate response to operating in conflict zones, in Human rights -- is it any of your business? [A management primer] (Amnesty International UK Business Group / Prince of Wales Business Leaders Forum, Apr. 2000)   

Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights [principles for oil and mining companies developed by U.S. and U.K. governments as a result of discussions with companies and non-governmental organisations] (fact sheet released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 20 Dec. 2000)

• Press briefing about Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights by U.S. Department of State (20 Dec. 2000):

• Secretary of State Madeleine Albright

• Harold Koh (Assistant Secretary of State for Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor), E. Anthony Wayne (Assistant Secretary for Economic and Business Affairs) and David Carpenter (Assistant Secretary for Diplomatic Security)

• Guarding human rights in zones of conflict (International Chamber of Commerce, 2 Feb. 2001)

• Sincerity Test for Codes of Conduct (Earthrights International, 28 Jan. 2001)

• Human Rights Principles for Oil and Mining Companies Welcomed: U.S., U.K. Voluntary Principles "a Positive First Step" (Human Rights Watch, 21 Dec. 2000)

• Companies Sign Pact On Human Rights: Conduct in Developing Nations Targeted (Peter Behr, Washington Post, 21 Dec. 2000)

• Oil, mining firms adopt human rights principles (Jonathan Wright, Reuters, 20 Dec. 2000)

• Guarding Human Rights in Conflict Zones (sponsored section of the International Herald Tribune [sponsored by the International Chamber of Commerce], 25 Jan. 2001)

Colombia: Recommendations to a company doing business in Colombia (Christopher Avery, Nov. 1997) 

Company guidelines on security:

Shell - Use of force guidelines

BP: Key Issues: Conflict

BP: Key Issues: Security